Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052362
Keywords
mesenchymal stem cells; MSCs; microRNA; miRNA; bone; osteogenic differentiation; osteogenesis; cell differentiation; stem cells; miRNAome; bone regeneration
Funding
- University of Ferrara FAR grant
- University of Ferrara FIR grant
- Regione Emilia-Romagna POR FESR project NIPROGEN
- MIUR PRIN 2017 [C8RYSS]
- Region Emilia-Romagna, FESR POR NIPROGEN project
- Ministero della Universita e della Ricerca, PRIN 2017 project
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MSCs are important source for bone regeneration and play a crucial role in osteogenic differentiation. MiRNAs regulate gene expression in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and are involved in controlling important signaling pathways such as TGF-beta/BMP and Wnt/beta-catenin.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in many adult tissues and they have been closely studied in recent years, especially in view of their potential use for treating diseases and damaged tissues and organs. MSCs are capable of self-replication and differentiation into osteoblasts and are considered an important source of cells in tissue engineering for bone regeneration. Several epigenetic factors are believed to play a role in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, including microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides that are able to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by binding the 3 ' untranslated region (3 '-UTR) of target mRNAs, which can be subsequently degraded or translationally silenced. MiRNAs control gene expression in osteogenic differentiation by regulating two crucial signaling cascades in osteogenesis: the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and the Wingless/Int-1(Wnt)/beta-catenin signaling pathways. This review provides an overview of the miRNAs involved in osteogenic differentiation and how these miRNAs could regulate the expression of target genes.
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