Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041931
Keywords
insulin-like growth factor; liver cancer; cancer stemness; IGFs inhibitor; targeting drug resistance
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [MOST105-2628-B-038-008-MY3, MOST106-3114-B-038-001, MOST107-2321-B-038-002, MOST107-2314-B-038-057, MOST107-2314-B-038-061, MOST108-2314-B-038-006, MOST108-2321-B-038-003, MOST 109-2314-B-038-135]
- The Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [MOST 109-2321-B-038-003, MOST 109-2320-B-002-068, MOST 109-2314-B-182-025]
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This review summarizes the evidence of dysregulated IGF/IGF-1R signaling, especially in HBV-related HCC, and highlights the regulation of cancer stemness expression and drug resistance. Current clinical treatments and potential therapies targeting IGF/IGF-1R signaling for the treatment of HCC are discussed.
Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)/IGF-1 Receptor (IGF-1R) signaling is known to regulate stem cell pluripotency and differentiation to trigger cell proliferation, organ development, and tissue regeneration during embryonic development. Unbalanced IGF/IGF-1R signaling can promote cancer cell proliferation and activate cancer reprogramming in tumor tissues, especially in the liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, with a high incidence and mortality rate in Asia. Most patients with advanced HCC develop tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-refractoriness after receiving TKI treatment. Dysregulation of IGF/IGF-1R signaling in HCC may activate expression of cancer stemness that leads to TKI refractoriness and tumor recurrence. In this review, we summarize the evidence for dysregulated IGF/IGF-1R signaling especially in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC. The regulation of cancer stemness expression and drug resistance will be highlighted. Current clinical treatments and potential therapies targeting IGF/IGF-1R signaling for the treatment of HCC will be discussed.
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