Journal
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages 145-154Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5ee02393a
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- German Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) in the network project: Sustainable Hydrogen [FKZ 03X3581A, FKZ 03X3581B]
- DFG Excellence Graduate School of Energy Science and Engineering [GSC 1070]
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We report on the development of high performance triple and quadruple junction solar cells made of amorphous (a-Si: H) and microcrystalline silicon (mu c-Si: H) for the application as photocathodes in integrated photovoltaic-electrosynthetic devices for solar water splitting. We show that the electronic properties of the individual sub cells can be adjusted such that the photovoltages of multijunction devices cover a wide range of photovoltages from 2.0 V up to 2.8 V with photovoltaic efficiencies of 13.6% for triple and 13.2% for quadruple cells. The ability to provide self-contained solar water splitting is demonstrated in a PV-biased electrosynthetic (PV-EC) cell. With the developed triple junction photocathode in the a-Si: H/a-Si: H/mu c-Si: H configuration we achieved an operation photocurrent density of 7.7 mA cm(-2) at 0 V applied bias using a Ag/Pt layer stack as photocathode/electrolyte contact and ruthenium oxide as counter electrode. Assuming a faradaic efficiency of 100%, this corresponds to a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 9.5%. The quadruple junction device provides enough excess voltage to substitute precious metal catalyst, such as Pt by more earth-abundant materials, such as Ni without impairing the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency.
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