Journal
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Volume 9, Issue 7, Pages 2197-2218Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c6ee01010e
Keywords
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Funding
- California Institute of Technology
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub
- Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993]
- Eni Solar Frontiers Program at MIT
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Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells convert solar energy to electricity through a cascade of microscopic processes spanning over 10 order of magnitudes of time and length. PV conversion involves a complex interplay of photons, charge carriers, and excited states. Processes following light absorption include generation of charge carriers or excitons, exciton dissociation over nanometer lengths and subpicosecond times, and carrier transport over ns-ms times and nm-mm lengths. Computer calculations have become an indispensable tool to understand and engineer solar cells across length and time scales. In this article, we examine the microscopic processes underlying PV conversion and review state-of-the-art computational methods to study PV solar cells. Recent developments and future research challenges are outlined.
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