Journal
ENERGY
Volume 111, Issue -, Pages 971-980Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.037
Keywords
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; Component sizing; Energy management; Charging control; Optimization; Renewable energy
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Funding
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [0903005203398, 106112016CDJZR335521]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51575064]
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It is imperative to explore the full carbon dioxide-saving potential for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. This paper seeks to examine the role of renewable energy and powertrain optimization in minimizing daily carbon emissions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. A spectrum of influencing factors are investigated, including charging protocol, timing, on-road power management strategy, battery size, and carbon-emission intensity of the grid. A high-efficiency convex programming framework is harnessed to optimize a plug-in hybrid powertrain. Two originally important contributions evidently distinguish this work from existing efforts. First, diverse heuristic scenarios and concomitant weaknesses are elucidated, and the carbon reductions arising from renewable energy integration and the convex programming framework are quantified. The great importance of their synergy is accentuated, i.e., swiftly adapting charging/power management controls to wind intermittency. Second, battery health implication is explored for the optimal and heuristic scenarios, via a dynamic battery State-of-Health model. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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