Recent methods used in degradation of parabens in aqueous solutions: a review

Parabens are widely used as preservatives in pharmaceutical and personal care products, but are regarded as endocrine disruptor compounds. The presence of parabens has potential effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. This has led to the development of various methods for the removal of these recalcitrant compounds. This study presents an overview of the literature on methodologies for the degradation of parabens. The review is limited to details of using ultraviolet, sensitisers, ozonation, photoelectrocatalysis, sonochemistry, semiconductors and biodegradation for the degradation of parabens. Different catalysts in the degradation of these pollutants and their properties, as well as degradation mechanisms, are also discussed. Finally, recommendations and future perspectives on this field are proposed.

Automated summary

Parabens are commonly used as preservatives in pharmaceutical and personal care products, but are considered endocrine disruptors with potential effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Various methods have been developed for the removal of these compounds, including UV, ozonation, and photocatalysis. This study provides an overview of methodologies for the degradation of parabens, discussing different catalysts and degradation mechanisms.