Evaluation of waste paper as a source of carbon fuel for hybrid direct carbon fuel cells

Magazines and newspapers, as two kinds of municipal solid waste, were investigated as the fuel feedstock in a hybrid direct carbon fuel cell. These carbon sources, together with a reference carbon source activated charcoal, were characterized by such techniques as X-ray diffraction spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis, among others. The results indicate that the carbon from magazine waste paper was more abundant in calcite and magnesium calcite, with more oxidation degree of carbon and higher thermal reactivity, compared with the other two carbon sources. Then, the cell performance fed with such carbon sources was tested in a homemade device. The cell fed with magazine waste paper carbon showed the highest performance among the three carbon sources, with a peak power density of 172 mW/cm(2) at 650 degrees C. The cell performance results indicated that waste paper carbon sources, with a surface containing certain inherent impurities (calcite and magnesium calcite) and a high oxidation degree of carbon, could favor the thermal gasification of carbon fuel, and thus considerably enhance cell performance, especially for the operating temperatures below 700 degrees C. This study demonstrated that waste paper carbon sources could be promising fuel feedstock for hybrid direct carbon fuel cells. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.