Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 48, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2020GL091698
Keywords
data assimilation; IASI; water isotope; weather forecasting
Categories
Funding
- JSPS KAKENHI Grant [19J01337, 18H03794, 16H06291]
- DFG
- Integrated Research Program for Advancing Climate Models (TOUGOU) [JPMXD0717935457]
- ArCS II [JPMXD1420318865]
- DIAS from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan
- Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts Baden-Wurttemberg
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
- JRPs-LEAD
- DFG [290612604GZ:SCHN1126/2-1, 416767181/GZ:SCHN1126/5-1]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19J01337, 18H03794] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Recent studies have shown that assimilating mid-tropospheric water isotopes can significantly improve weather forecasts through non-local impacts on convective heating structure and large-scale circulation. The thermodynamic effects of water isotopes play a greater role in these improvements.
Recent satellite techniques have uncovered detailed tropospheric water vapor isotope patterns on a daily basis, yet the significance of water isotopes on weather forecasting has remained largely unknown. Here, we perform a proof-of-concept observing system simulation experiment to show that mid-tropospheric water isotopes observed by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) can substantially improve weather forecasts through non-local impacts on the convective heating structure and large-scale circulation. Assimilating IASI isotopes can improve wind, humidity, and temperature fields by more than 10% at mid-troposphere compared to only assimilating conventional non-isotopic observations. These improvements are about two-thirds of assimilating simultaneous IASI water vapor observations. The improvements can be attributed more to thermodynamic (phase change) effects than dynamic (transport) effects of water isotopes. Furthermore, isotopic observations produce additional 3%-4% improvements to the fields constrained by the conventional observations and simultaneous IASI water vapor observations, demonstrating the unique characteristics of water isotopes.
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