Late Mesoproterozoic low-P/T-type metamorphism in the North Wulan terrane: Implications for the assembly of Rodinia

Regional metamorphism provides critical constraints for unravelling lithosphere evolution and geodynamic settings, especially in an orogenic system. Recently, there has been a debate on the Rodinia-forming Tarimian orogeny within the Greater Tarim block in NW China. The North Wulan terrane, involved in the Paleozoic Qilian orogen, was once part of the Greater Tarim block. This investigation of petrography, whole-rock and mineral geochemistry, phase equilibrium modeling, and in situ monazite U-Pb dating of garnetite, pelitic gneiss, and quartz schist samples from the Statherian-Calymmian unit of the North Wulan terrane provides new constraints on the evolutionary history of the Greater Tarim block at the end of the Mesoproterozoic during the assembly of Rodinia. The studied samples yielded three monazite U-Pb age groups of ca. 1.32 Ga, 1.1 Ga, and 0.45 Ga that are interpreted to be metamorphic in origin. The tectonic significance of the early ca. 1.32 Ga metamorphism is uncertain and may indicate an extensional setting associated with the final breakup of Columbia. The ca. 1.1 Ga low-pressure, high-temperature (low-P/T)-type granulitefacies metamorphism is well preserved and characterized by a clockwise P-T path with a minimum estimation of -840-900 degrees C and -7-11 kbar for peak metamorphism, followed by postpeak decompression and cooling. A tectonothermal disturbance occurred at ca. 0.45 Ga, but with limited influence on the preexisting mineral compositions of the studied samples. The characteristics of the metamorphism indicate an arc-back-arc environment with ongoing subduction of oceanic lithosphere at ca. 1.1 Ga. Combined with previous studies, we suggest that the Greater Tarim block probably experienced a pro- longed subduction-to-collision process at ca. 1.1-0.9 Ga during the assembly of Rodinia, with a position between western Laurentia and India-East Antarctica.

Automated summary

Regional metamorphism plays a crucial role in understanding lithosphere evolution, especially in orogenic systems. This study on the North Wulan terrane in the Greater Tarim block in NW China provides new insights on the evolutionary history of the region during the assembly of Rodinia. The findings suggest a prolonged subduction-to-collision process in the Greater Tarim block around 1.1-0.9 billion years ago, positioning it between western Laurentia and India-East Antarctica.