Journal
GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION
Volume 68, Issue 5, Pages 2119-2129Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10722-021-01124-5
Keywords
Gossypium turneri; Chromosome number; Karyotype; Seed morphology
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Funding
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT-Mexico) [722292]
- Departamento de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas and Division de Ciencias Biologicas y de la Salud (Universidad de Sonora)
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This study analyzed the seed morphology and karyotype of the endangered wild cotton species Gossypium turneri Fryxell from Sonora, Mexico, revealing its nonuniform oval-shaped seeds and 26 chromosomes. These important biological traits could be considered in future studies to improve the cultivated cotton.
Cotton (genus Gossypium) is an important agricultural crop around the world because of its fiber. Gossypium turneri Fryxell is a wild cotton species endemic to the state of Sonora (northwestern Mexico), whose status has been recently raised to endangered in the IUCN Red List. This species has invaluable characteristics that could be useful in the cultivated cotton gene pool. Despite its importance, G. turneri has been studied very little. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has characterized its seed morphology and cytogenetics. Therefore, in the present study the seed morphology and karyotype of G. turneri were analyzed. Seeds of G. turneri have nonuniform oval shape and brown-gray color. This species produces short fibers attached to its seed surface that are not long enough for commercial use. Our seed sizes were greater than those previously described for G. turneri and other diploid cottons. The length and width of seeds were 8.80 mm and 4.83 mm, respectively. Traits such as embryo and seed coat were measured and carefully observed, and gossypol glands were observed only in the embryo during the evaluation of internal features of seeds. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 26 chromosomes (2n = 2x = 26) in mitotic cells of G. turneri. The karyotype analysis showed mainly metacentric (m), submetacentric (sm) and subtelocentric (st) chromosomes. Our results reveal important biological traits of G. turneri that could be considered in future studies to improve cultivated cotton.
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