Development of advanced phospholipid vesicles loaded with Lippia citriodora pressurized liquid extract for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders

Pressurized liquid extraction was performed to obtain a phytocomplex from Lippia citriodora leaves rich in bioactive compounds. The extract was loaded in phospholipid vesicles to improve its protective effect against oxidative stress in the intestine. The phytochemicals were identified and quantified by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. The extract was incorporated in liposomes and penetration enhancer-containing vesicles (PEVs) modified with glucidex, a dextrin, and a biopolymer obtained from Chimaera monstrosa. The PEVs were smaller than liposomes (similar to 150 vs 370 nm) and more stable, according to accelerated aging tests. The integrity of the vesicles in acidic or neutral pH and high ionic strength or in milk whey was assessed. The cytocompatibility of the formulations and their ability to protect Caco-2 cells against oxidative stress were confirmed in vitro and compared with two commercial extracts of L. citriodora. The results confirmed the suitability of formulations to be used in functional foods to protect the intestine from oxidative stress.

Automated summary

Pressurized liquid extraction was used to obtain a phytocomplex from Lippia citriodora leaves rich in bioactive compounds, which was then encapsulated in phospholipid vesicles to enhance its protective effect against oxidative stress in the intestine. The phytochemicals were identified and quantified, and the extract was incorporated in small and stable PEVs modified with glucidex. The formulations were cytocompatible and demonstrated the ability to protect Caco-2 cells against oxidative stress, making them suitable for use in functional foods.