4.6 Review

Complement cascade functions during brain development and neurodegeneration

Journal

FEBS JOURNAL
Volume 289, Issue 8, Pages 2085-2109

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/febs.15772

Keywords

brain development; CNS disorders; complement system; neurodegeneration; neuroinflammation

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The complement system, essential for normal brain development and function, can lead to neuroinflammatory responses, neurodegenerative processes, and cognitive impairment when its components are expressed and activated abnormally in the brain. Complement-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and complement-driven neurodegeneration are increasingly implicated in a wide range of CNS disorders as pathologic insults trigger these processes.
The complement system, an essential tightly regulated innate immune system, is a key regulator of normal central nervous system (CNS) development and function. However, aberrant complement component expression and activation in the brain may culminate into marked neuroinflammatory response, neurodegenerative processes and cognitive impairment. Over the years, complement-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and complement-driven neurodegeneration have been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of CNS disorders. This review describes how complement system contributes to normal brain development and function. We also discuss how pathologic insults such as misfolded proteins, lipid droplet/lipid droplet-associated protein or glycosaminoglycan accumulation could trigger complement-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and neurodegenerative process in neurodegenerative proteinopathies, age-related macular degeneration and neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders.

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