Voltage-gated calcium channel nanodomains: molecular composition and function

Voltage-gated calcium (Ca-V) channels and their regulation by proteins at the synaptic cleft play a critical role in neurotransmission. These interactions fine-tune the synaptic response through the regulation of Ca2+ entry into the presynaptic terminal and trigger the fusion of vesicles filled with neurotransmitters and peptides. Regulation of Ca-V channel intrinsic properties and their numbers at the active zones shape the timing and strength of synaptic function. Here, we provide an overview of a number of proteins reported to be part of Ca-V channel nanodomains at the synaptic cleft and the repercussions of these interactions for Ca-V channel trafficking, tethering at the active zone, and regulation of their biophysical properties. We summarize the current state of knowledge by which Ca-V channels are regulated at presynaptic sites.

Automated summary

Voltage-gated calcium (Ca-V) channels and their regulation by proteins at the synaptic cleft are crucial for neurotransmission, fine-tuning synaptic response by regulating Ca2+ entry into presynaptic terminals and triggering vesicle fusion. Regulation of Ca-V channel properties and numbers at active zones shapes the timing and strength of synaptic function.