Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 28, Issue 16, Pages 19643-19663Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13071-w
Keywords
Bisphenol A; Endocrine disruptor; Carcinogen; Environmental toxicant; Human cancer
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Funding
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
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Bisphenol A is a synthetic chemical used for manufacturing plastics and resins, which has been linked to increased susceptibility to diseases, including cancer, at extremely low doses. Studies suggest that BPA may be a probable human carcinogen and exerts toxicological effects at genetic and epigenetic levels.
Bisphenol A [BPA; (CH3)(2)C(C6H4OH)(2)] is a synthetic chemical used as a precursor material for the manufacturing of plastics and resins. It gained attention due to its high chances of human exposure and predisposing individuals at extremely low doses to diseases, including cancer. It enters the human body via oral, inhaled, and dermal routes as leach-out products. BPA may be anticipated as a probable human carcinogen. Studies using in vitro cell lines, rodent models, and epidemiological analysis have convincingly shown the increasing susceptibility to cancer at doses below the oral reference dose set by the Environmental Protection Agency for BPA. Furthermore, BPA exerts its toxicological effects at the genetic and epigenetic levels, influencing various cell signaling pathways. The present review summarizes the available data on BPA and its potential impact on cancer and its clinical outcome.
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