Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 28, Issue 25, Pages 33181-33191Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12971-1
Keywords
Phosphine resistance; Diatomaceous earth; Pirimiphos-methyl; Grain protectants; Stored-product beetles
Categories
Funding
- Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI)
- General Secretariat for Research and Technology (GSRT) [891]
- Greek National Funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation-EPAnEK 2014-2020, NSRF 20142020, Ministry of Development and Investments/Special Secretary for Management of ERDF and CF Sectoral Operational Programmes
- European Union
- [NANOFUMT2DGE-0917]
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The study found that diatomaceous earth showed stable control efficacy on Tribolium castaneum, while pirimiphos-methyl had varied effectiveness at different concentrations. Sitophilus oryzae populations were more susceptible to both insecticides. The results indicate the importance of preliminary screening to ensure the success of resistance management programs.
In the present study, we evaluated the insecticidal efficacy of diatomaceous earth (DE) and pirimiphos-methyl for the control of phosphine-susceptible and phosphine-resistant populations of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Insecticides were applied on wheat or rice at two doses: DE was applied at 1000 and 2000 ppm and pirimiphos-methyl at 1 and 5 ppm. Adult mortality was measured after 7, 14, and 21 days of exposure, and progeny production capacity on the treated substrates was evaluated 65 days later. For T. castaneum, we found that DE, at 2000 ppm, was able to provide 100% control of two of the three populations tested, while for the third population mortality reached only 84%. Similarly, there were differences in mortality levels after exposure to DE-treated grains between the two S. oryzae populations tested. At 1 ppm, pirimiphos-methyl was not effective for any of the T. castaneum populations tested, but complete mortality was recorded for all populations at 5 ppm. In general, populations of S. oryzae were more susceptible than those of T. castaneum, for both commodities. Our data indicate that both insecticides can be used with success in phosphine resistance management programs, but there are populations of a given species that may be less susceptible, which constitutes a preliminary screening essential.
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