Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
Volume 43, Issue 12, Pages 4891-4904Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00856-8
Keywords
Contamination level; Enrichment factor; Heavy metal; Pollution index; X-ray fluorescence
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This study examined the contamination level of elements in soil through enrichment factor and contamination factor/pollution index, identifying high concentrations of elements like iron, manganese, and zinc. The overall risk index in all locations was found to be above the edge.
One of the significance parts of ecosystem is the soil, and it is often modified due to man activities. The objective of this work examined the extent of occurrence of elements in the soil and also to identify the soil contamination level via enrichment factor (EF) and contamination factor/pollution index. The enrichment value was computed using five elements (Ti, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr) and iron (Fe) as reference element. Scandium (Sc) was not found at hospital dumpsite while arsenic (As) was not found at marketplace. Fe, Ca and K had high concentrations in all locations, ranging from 2651 to 4630 ppm, 2204.67 ppm - 3968.67 ppm and 3649.00 - 4773.67 ppm, respectively. The pollution index value is shown in this order: Ni > Fe > Cu > Cr > Zn > Mn > As an enrichment value in this order: Ni > Se > Cu > V > Zn > Cr > Zr > As > Mn > K > Ca > Rb > Ti > Sr, when Fe was used as a reference element. The overall risk index (RI) in all the locations in the soil was above the edge.
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