Cell wall dimensions reign supreme: cell wall composition is irrelevant for the temperature signal of latewood density/blue intensity in Scots pine

Many microdensitometric techniques are available for deriving maximum latewood density (MXD), which is the state-of-the-art proxy parameter for local to hemispheric-scale temperature reconstructions of the last millennium. Techniques based on X-ray radiation and visible light reflection, such as blue intensity (BI), integrate both the density/composition and the dimensions of the cell walls to derive microdensitometric data. In contrast, the dendroanatomical technique relies only on the dimensions of the cell walls. It is therefore possible to isolate cell wall variables by subtracting data derived using the dendroanatomical technique from data derived using Xray and BI-based techniques. In this study, we explore differences in well-replicated data from parallel X-ray, BI, and dendroanatomical measurements of temperature-sensitive Pinus sylvestris trees from northern Finland. We aim to determine whether cell wall density is critical to the success of X-ray-based MXD, and whether the BI-based parameter counterpart, here termed MXBI, contains useful information about the composition of the cell wall (specifically the lignin). Our results indicate that cell wall density and cell wall BI have no relevant influence on MXD and MXBI measurements. Even in years with severely reduced lignification, identified as so-called blue rings, dendroanatomical MXD (aMXD) measurements do not deviate significantly from their MXD or MXBI counterparts. Moreover, derived chronologies of cell wall density and cell wall BI contain no significant climate signals when correlated with local climate. Maximum latewood density of conifers can thus be obtained without bias using the dendroanatomical technique. Because lignin content appears to play a negligible role for cell wall BI, the cell wall BI likely presents the biggest challenge when producing unbiased MXBI data. This is because BI data is notorious for cell wall color distortion across the heartwood and sapwood, and between living wood and dead wood, and may therefore distort the otherwise strong link with wood density on multidecadal scales.

Automated summary

This study investigates the differences in well-replicated data obtained from parallel X-ray, BI, and dendroanatomical measurements of temperature-sensitive Pinus sylvestris trees from northern Finland. The results indicate that cell wall density and cell wall BI do not affect MXD and MXBI measurements. Even in years with reduced lignification, there is no significant deviation in dendroanatomical MXD measurements compared to MXD or MXBI counterparts. Furthermore, chronologies of cell wall density and cell wall BI show no significant climate signals when correlated with local climate.