Journal
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
Volume 170, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2021.103492
Keywords
Deep-sea organism; Cnidarian genomics; Deep-sea adaptation; Evolution
Categories
Funding
- Major scientific and technological projects of Hainan Province [ZDKJ2019011]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFC0304905, 2017YFC0306600]
- 1000 Talent Project of Shaanxi Province
- Research Funds for Interdisciplinary subject, NWPU [19SH030408to]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [3102019JC007]
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The high-quality genome assembly of a new deep-sea anemone species living at a depth of 3230 m in the Xisha Trough revealed molecular signatures of adaptation to the deep-sea environment. The genomic analyses showed rapid evolution of genes and amino acid substitutions to cope with high hydrostatic pressure or low temperature, while demographic events of the deep-sea anemone coincided with post-Pliocene climate transformations, suggesting the impact of global climate changes on deep-sea creatures.
Deep-sea (deeper than 200 m) creatures are poorly understood taxa that live in high-pressure, dark, and cold environments. Here, we provide a high-quality genome assembly of a new deep-sea anemone species (Paraphelliactis xishaensis sp. nov.) living at a depth of 3230 m in the Xisha Trough in the South China Sea. Through comparative genomic analyses, we revealed molecular signatures of deep-sea environment adaptation including the rapid evolution of genes involved in cytoprotective osmolyte metabolism, membrane function, translational activity, and cytoskeletal processes in deep-sea anemone, along with parallel amino acid substitutions in genes between the deep-sea anemone and deep-sea mussel to cope with high hydrostatic pressure or low temperature. Finally, the inferred demographic events of this deep-sea anemone coincide with major post-Pliocene climate transformations, implying that global climate changes also affect creatures in deep-sea zones. Together, these results extend our understanding of the adaptation and evolutionary history of deep-sea creatures.
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