Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of turkish propolis and characterization of phenolic profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity

This study aimed to determine optimum conditions of the ultrasound assited extraction (UAS) parameters for different solvent types by using response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design. The model parameters namely, time, temperature and ultrasound power significantly affected TPC value of the propolis extract (P < 0.05). The optimum process parameters were determined as 2.95 min, 58.61 degrees C and 615.26 W for ethanol, 3 min, 60 degrees C and 580 W for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 3 min, 59 degrees C and 591 W for Propylene glycol (PG) and 2.70 min, 59.19 degrees C and 591.73 W for distilled water (DW). The extracts obtained from optimum conditions were compared with conventional solvent extraction methods (CSE). The chrysin was determined as a major phenolic compound and its value significantly differed based on the extraction and solvent types (P < 0.05). This study suggested that the ethanolic extracts obtained from UAS could be used as natural antimicrobial and antioxidant source.

Automated summary

This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAS) with different solvent types, finding that model parameters significantly affected the phenolic content of the propolis extract. Optimal process parameters were established for ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Propylene glycol (PG), and distilled water (DW) extractions. Chrysin was identified as a major phenolic compound with significant variations based on extraction and solvent types, suggesting that ethanolic extracts obtained from UAS could serve as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant source.