Rapid synthesis of sodium-rich Prussian white for Sodium-ion battery via a bottom-up approach

In this work, combining homogeneous rapid precipitation in microreactor and following thermal aging treatment, we proposed a bottom-up approach to afford rapid and productive preparation of NaxMn[Fe(CN)(6)](y) with the low defect and high sodium content. It was revealed that the key to a successful bottom-up synthesis was to enhance the aggregation-mediated growth of building blocks. Homogeneous rapid precipitation in microreactor decouples the nucleation and growth under high supersaturation and thus overwhelmingly obtain uniform building blocks. Thus, the Ostwald ripening growth is seriously weakened due to narrow size distribution and these building blocks are more prone to fusion growth due to similar crystal properties and lower aggregation barrier. The as-prepared MnHCF with high crystallinity delivers a high capacity (162.4 mAhg(-1) at 15 mAg-1), an excellent rate performance (144.8 mAhg(-1) at 150 mAg(-1), 109.2 mAhg(-1) at 750 mAg(-1)) and satisfied cyclic retention (with a capacity retention of 76% for 100 cycles at the current density of 150 mAg(-1)).

Automated summary

In this study, a bottom-up method for the rapid and efficient preparation of NaxMn[Fe(CN)(6)](y) with low defect and high sodium content was proposed by combining homogeneous rapid precipitation in a microreactor and subsequent thermal aging treatment. The key to successful bottom-up synthesis was enhancing the aggregation-mediated growth of building blocks, which decouples nucleation and growth under high supersaturation to obtain uniform building blocks. The as-prepared MnHCF exhibited high capacity, excellent rate performance, and satisfactory cyclic retention due to its high crystallinity, with a capacity retention of 76% for 100 cycles at a current density of 150 mAg(-1).