Journal
CELL
Volume 184, Issue 5, Pages 1201-+Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.050
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Funding
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (ANR) [MEMO-COV-2]
- Fondation Princesse Grace
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant
- Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP, Departement de la Recherche Clinique et du Developpement)
- Inserm
- Annee Recherche from AP-HP
- SNFMI fellowship
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Memory B cells play a crucial role in host defense against SARS-CoV-2, with distinct B cell clone responses to the virus contributing to long-lasting immune protection. The study also highlights the significance of somatic mutations in the variable region genes of memory B cells over time, indicating continued maturation and long-term immune memory post-infection.
Memory B cells play a fundamental role in host defenses against viruses, but to date, their role has been relatively unsettled in the context of SARS-CoV-2. We report here a longitudinal single-cell and repertoire profiling of the B cell response up to 6 months in mild and severe COVID-19 patients. Distinct SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific activated B cell clones fueled an early antibody-secreting cell burst as well as a durable synchronous germinal center response. While highly mutated memory B cells, including pre-existing cross-reactive seasonal Betacoronavirus-specific clones, were recruited early in the response, neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific clones accumulated with time and largely contributed to the late, remarkably stable, memory B cell pool. Highlighting germinal center maturation, these cells displayed clear accumulation of somatic mutations in their variable region genes over time. Overall, these findings demonstrate that an antigen-driven activation persisted and matured up to 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and may provide long-term protection.
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