Journal
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
Volume 70, Issue 8, Pages 2401-2410Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02861-3
Keywords
Cancer immunotherapy; Immunosuppression; T cell; Tumor microenvironment; TAM
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Funding
- Amgen, Inc.
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The study found that while anti-CSF1R treatment can reduce the number of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), it has minimal impact on the anti-tumor immune response in established tumors. In contrast, anti-CSF1R treatment concurrent with tumor implantation can better inhibit tumor growth and enhance anti-tumor immunity.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant in solid tumors where they exhibit immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic functions. Inhibition of TAM proliferation and survival through CSF1R blockade has been widely explored as a cancer immunotherapy. To further define mechanisms regulating CSF1R-targeted therapies, we systematically evaluated the effect of anti-CSF1R treatment on tumor growth and tumor microenvironment (TME) inflammation across multiple murine models. Despite substantial macrophage depletion, anti-CSF1R had minimal effects on the anti-tumor immune response in mice bearing established tumors. In contrast, anti-CSF1R treatment concurrent with tumor implantation resulted in more robust tumor growth inhibition and evidence of enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Our findings suggest only minor contributions of CSF1R-dependent TAMs to the inflammatory state of the TME in established tumors, that immune landscape heterogeneity across different tumor models can influence anti-CSF1R activity, and that alternative treatment schedules and/or TAM depletion strategies may be needed to maximize the clinical benefit of this approach.
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