Journal
CANCER CELL
Volume 39, Issue 5, Pages 610-631Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.01.011
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- Melanoma Research Alliance
- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute
- Pigment Cell and Melanoma Research (Wiley)
- Disease Models and Mechanisms (Company of Biologists)
- Cancer Research UK
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease [R01 AR070234]
- National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute [R01 CA182635, R01 CA196278, R01 CA253977, P01 CA114046]
- Helman Family-Melanoma Research Alliance Team Science award [559058]
- INCa [INCa_10573]
- Le Fonds dedotation de La Societe Francaise de Dermatologie
- NIH/NCI [P50 CA121974, U01 CA238728, U01 CA233096, P30 CA016359, P01 CA128814, P01 CA206980, R01 CA244660, R01 CA216101, R01 CA212376, R01 CA204002, R01 CA216846, R01 CA196566, R01 CA196660, R01 CA228216, DP2 CA174499, P50 CA217694, K22CA197058, R03CA227349]
- National Institutes of Health [P01 CA114046, R01CA237213, R01 CA121118, R01 CA238237, U54 CA224070, R01CA240633, R01GM101171, R21ES032305, R01CA238317, R01CA229215, R01GM071725]
- DOD [CDMRP: W81XWH2010288, CA190267, CA170628, NF170044, W81XWH2010356]
- Cycle for Survival Fund
- Geoffrey Beene Cancer Research Fund
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation
- Leveraged Finance Fights MelanomaMelanoma Research Alliance Established Investigator award
- Huntsman Cancer Foundation
- Melanoma Research Alliance Young Investigator award
- MRF Mucosal Melanoma Career Development award
- Harry J. Lloyd Charitable Trust Career Development award
- Melanoma Research Alliance-Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Young Investigator award in Immune-Related Adverse Events
- Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Program Training Network for Optimizing Adoptive T Cell Therapy of Cancer - H2020 Program of the European Union [955575]
- Heritage Foundation
- International Doctoral Program i-Target: Immunotargeting of Cancer - Elite Network of Bavaria
- Bristol Myers SquibbMelanoma Research Alliance Young Investigator award
- Ernst-Jung-Stiftung
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung Project Oncoattract
- European Research Council, ARMOR-T [756017]
- German Research Foundation
- Fritz Bender Foundation
- Jose -Carreras Foundation
- Amanda and Jonatan Eilian-Melanoma Research Alliance Young Investigator award
- Belgian Federation for Cancer
- Kom op tegen Kanker
- EurOPDX Consortium
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (EDIReX grant) [731105]
- Saban Family Foundation-Melanoma Research Alliance Team Science award [402792]
- NIH NCI [R01CA238163]
- Cancer Research Institute Lloyd J. Old STAR award
- Mark Foundation for Cancer Research Emerging Leader award
- American Cancer Society [RSG-18-169-01-LIB]
- NCI Intramural Research Program of the NIH
- NCI Director's Innovation award
- FWO [G.0929.16N]
- Stichting Tegen Kanker
- Melanoma Research Alliance-Established Investigator award [623591, 622106]
- KU Leuven (C1 grant)
- Cancer Research UK [A27412, A22902, C5759/A29061]
- Wellcome Trust [100282/Z/12/Z]
- European Research Council Advanced grant (ERC-ADG-2014) [671262]
- European Commission (Horizon 2020 program: UM Cure) [667787]
- National Cancer Institute [CA176839, CA042014]
- MRC HGU Program [MC_UU_00007/9]
- ERC [ZF-MEL-CHEMBIO-648489]
- Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Foundation-Melanoma Research Alliance Team Science award [687306]
- MRC [MR/S01473X/1]
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Mexico [A3-S-31603, A1-S-30165]
- Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacio n e Innovacio n Tecnologica (PAPIIT UNAM) [IA202020]
- Academy of Medical Sciences Newton Advanced Fellowship [NAF/R2/180782]
- Wellcome Sanger Institute International Fellowship
- NCI [CA197465, CA128814, R37CA240914]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation [SAF2017-89533-R]
- Sokoloff Family-Melanoma Research Alliance-Established Investigator award
- Fundacion La Caixa and the Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer'' (AECC)
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [770854]
- PA Department of Health
- Melanoma Research Alliance Team Science award
- Bloomberg Distinguished Professorship
- E.V. McCollum Endowed Chair
- Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Foundation-Melanoma Research Alliance Team Science award
- NIH Research Program grant [R01CA229215]
- NIH Director's New Innovator award [DP2CA186572]
- Pershing Square Sohn Foundation
- American Cancer Society
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis Research Initiative at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Harry J. Lloyd Foundation
- Consano
- Starr Cancer Consortium
- Black Family-Melanoma Research Alliance Team Science award in Acral Melanoma
- Dermatology Foundation Stiefel Scholar award in Skin Cancer
- Melanoma Research Alliance Acral Melanoma Team Science award [579152]
- Cancer Biology [R01 CA103846]
- NIH Melanoma PPG [P01CA63222]
- Melanoma Research Alliance-Established Investigator award
- Starr Cancer Consortium grant
- NIH Intramural Research Program
- [R01 CA215733]
- [R01 CA226888]
- [P30 CA010815]
- [R01CA207935]
- [R01 CA2322456]
- U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) [W81XWH2010356] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)
- MRC [MC_UU_00007/9] Funding Source: UKRI
- European Research Council (ERC) [671262, 770854, 756017] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The current state of melanoma models encompass various types which can address challenges such as metastasis, drug resistance, immune response, etc. Building models for rare subtypes of melanomas is an important yet unmet need.
There is a lack of appropriate melanoma models that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapeutic modalities. Here, we discuss the current state of the art of melanoma models including genetically engineered mouse, patient-derived xenograft, zebrafish, and ex vivo and in vitro models. We also identify five major challenges that can be addressed using such models, including metastasis and tumor dormancy, drug resistance, the melanoma immune response, and the impact of aging and environmental exposures on melanoma progression and drug resistance. Additionally, we discuss the opportunity for building models for rare subtypes of melanomas, which represent an unmet critical need. Finally, we identify key recommendations for melanoma models that may improve accuracy of preclinical testing and predict efficacy in clinical trials, to help usher in the next generation of melanoma therapies.
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