Journal
EMBO JOURNAL
Volume 35, Issue 15, Pages 1603-1612Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593517
Keywords
Liquid-liquid phase separation; low-complexity domain; nuclear bodies; RNP granules
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Funding
- NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR001863] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM007223] Funding Source: Medline
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1522467] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Cells contain numerous, molecularly distinct cellular compartments that are not enclosed by lipid bilayers. These compartments are implicated in a wide range of cellular activities, and they have been variously described as bodies, granules, or organelles. Recent evidence suggests that a liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) process may drive their formation, possibly justifying the unifying term droplet organelle. A veritable deluge of recent publications points to the importance of low-complexity proteins and RNA in determining the physical properties of phase-separated structures. Many of the proteins linked to such structures are implicated in human diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We provide an overview of the organizational principles that characterize putative droplet organelles in healthy and diseased cells, connecting protein biochemistry with cell physiology.
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