Journal
BRAIN STIMULATION
Volume 14, Issue 2, Pages 261-272Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.01.006
Keywords
Transcranial focused ultrasound; Primates; fMRI; Neuromodulation; Brain circuit; Hand; Somatosensory
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01MH111877, R24MH109105, 1S10OD012297-01A1, 5T32EB014841, 1F31EB026928]
- Focused Ultrasound Foundation
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Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation under MRI guidance can modulate neural activity bidirectionally, while also evaluating causal interactions between functional circuits.
Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) stimulation under MRI guidance, coupled with functional MRI (fMRI) monitoring of effects, offers a precise, noninvasive technology to dissect functional brain circuits and to modulate altered brain functional networks in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here we show that ultrasound at moderate intensities modulated neural activity bi-directionally. Concurrent sonication of somatosensory areas 3a/3b with 250 kHz FUS suppressed the fMRI signals produced there by peripheral tactile stimulation, while at the same time eliciting fMRI activation at inter-connected, off target brain regions. Direct FUS stimulation of the cortex resulted in different degrees of BOLD signal changes across all five off-target regions, indicating that its modulatory effects on active and resting neurons differed. This is the first demonstration of the dual suppressive and excitative modulations of FUS on a specific functional circuit and of ability of concurrent FUS and MRI to evaluate causal interactions between functional circuits with neuron-class selectivity. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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