Sacral incidence to pubis: a novel and alternative morphologic radiological parameter to pelvic incidence in assessing spinopelvic sagittal alignment

BackgroundAlthough pelvic incidence (PI) is a key morphologic parameter in assessing spinopelvic sagittal alignment, accurate measurements of PI become difficult in patients with severe hip dislocation or femoral head deformities. This study aimed to investigate the reliability of our novel morphologic parameters and the correlations with established sagittal spinopelvic parameters.MethodsOne hundred healthy volunteers (25 male and 75 female), with an average age of 38.9 years, were analysed. Whole-body alignment in the standing position was measured using a slot-scanning X-ray imager. We measured the established spinopelvic sagittal parameters and a novel parameter: the sacral incidence to pubis (SIP). The correlation coefficient of each parameter, regression equation of PI using SIP, and regression equation of lumbar lordosis (LL) using PI or SIP were obtained. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated as an evaluation of the measurement reliability.ResultsReliability analysis showed high intra- and inter-rater agreements in all the spinopelvic parameters, with ICCs>0.9. The SIP and pelvic inclination angle (PIA) demonstrated strong correlation with PI (R=0.96) and pelvic tilt (PT) (R=0.92). PI could be predicted according to the regression equation: PI = -9.92+0.905 * SIP (R=0.9596, p<0.0001). The ideal LL could be predicted using the following equation using PI and age: ideal LL=32.33+0.623 * PI - 0.280 * age (R=0.6033, p<0.001) and using SIP and age: ideal LL=24.29+0.609 * SIP - 0.309 * age (R=0.6177, p<0.001).ConclusionsBoth SIP and PIA were reliable parameters for determining the morphology and orientation of the pelvis, respectively. Ideal LL was accurately predicted using the SIP with equal accuracy as the PI. Our findings will assist clinicians in the assessment of spinopelvic sagittal alignment.Trial registrationThis study was retrospectively registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000042979; January 13, 2021).

Automated summary

In this study, we found that the novel morphologic parameters SIP and PIA were reliable for determining the morphology and orientation of the pelvis. The ideal lumbar lordosis angle could be accurately predicted using SIP, with equal accuracy as using PI.