Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 321, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124461
Keywords
Microalgae; Ammonia torrefaction pretreatment; Fast pyrolysis; Bio-oil; N-containing chemicals
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province [LQ19E060009, LY21E060001]
- Youth Talent Support Program by National Forestry and Grassland Administration [2019132617]
- Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) [2018QNRC001]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang [2020YQ006]
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Ammonia torrefaction pretreatment (ATP) was developed to optimize the nitrogen and oxygen element distribution of microalgae for potential production of N-heterocyclic chemicals. The nitrogen-doping ratio and oxygen removal ratio of ATP were much higher than conventional nitrogen torrefaction pretreatment.
In this work, ammonia (NH3) torrefaction pretreatment (ATP) was developed to optimize the nitrogen and oxygen element distribution of microalgae via the N-doping and oxygen removal reaction, which could obviously improve the potential use of microalgae as a feedstock for the production of N-heterocyclic chemicals through fast pyrolysis technology. The nitrogen content increased from 8.3% of raw microalgae to 11.51% at 300 degrees C of ATP, while the oxygen content decreased from 35.96% to 21.61%, because of the Maillard reactions. In addition, the nitrogen-doping ratio and oxygen removal ratio of ATP was much higher than the conventional nitrogen torrefaction pretreatment (NTP). With the increase of ATP torrefaction temperature or the pyrolysis temperature, the relative content of the N-containing compounds increased, while the O-containing compounds decreased. For the N-heterocyclic chemicals, higher pyrolysis temperature favored the formation of pyrroles, while inhibited the formation of pyridines and indoles.
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