Journal
ELECTROPHORESIS
Volume 38, Issue 3-4, Pages 460-468Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600247
Keywords
Cloud point extraction; Experimental design; Milk samples; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Ultrasound-assisted extraction
Funding
- CONICET
- UNCuyo
- Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica [PICT 2012-2429]
- Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons [L/ICA/ICB/192151/14]
- UNCuyo (SeCTyP-UNCuyo) [06/M062]
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Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), cloud point extraction (CPE), and ultrasound backextraction (UABE) techniques have been coupled for lixiviation, preconcentration, and cleanup of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) frommilk samples for determination by gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Physicochemical parameters that affect the efficiency of the extraction system were investigated using a design of experiments based on multivariate statistical tools, and considering the sample matrix along the development. The coupling of the leaching step, UAE, enhanced ca. 3.5 times the extraction efficiency of the former sample preparation methodology (CPE-UABE) leading to cleaner sample extracts suitable forGC analysis. Under optimum conditions, the proposed methodology exhibits successful performance in terms of linearity and precision, with recoveries in the range of 68-70% and LODs within the range 0.05-0.5 ng/g dry weight (d.w.). The proposed sample preparation methodology coupled three green analytical techniques. It expands the application frontiers of CPE for the analysis of biological samples by GC. The optimized methodology was used for determination of PBDEs in powder milk samples, from both commercial and human sources.
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