Journal
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
Volume 135, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111148
Keywords
Exosomes; Biological function; Therapeutic application; Cardiovascular disease
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation, China [81970399]
- Basic Department of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department, China [20190901008JC]
- Bethune Medical Department Doctoral Postgraduate Excellent Talents Training Program Project of Jilin Province, China [20181201]
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Exosomes are important mediators of intercellular communication in cardiovascular diseases, serving as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic agents. Their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity make them promising in translational medicine.
Exosomes are a group of nanosized extracellular vesicles that include various bioactive nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. They originate from membrane invagination and are released by exocytosis, which can transmit signals to target cells to achieve cell-to-cell communication and maintain homeostasis. The heart is a complex multicellular organ that contains resident cell types such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Communication between different cell types and immune systems is essential for the dynamic equilibrium of the cardiac internal environment. Intercellular communication is a universal phenomenon mediated by exosomes and their contents during several pathological processes in cardiovascular diseases, such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, exosomes can be used as novel invasive diagnostic biomarkers in multiple diseases, including atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, cardiac fibrosis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, the biocompatible nature and low immunogenicity of exosomes make them high-quality nanoparticle drug carriers with potential applications in translational medicine and therapeutic strategies. Here, we focus on the biogenesis, isolation, biological functions, and future application prospects of exosomes in cardiovascular disease.
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