Journal
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
Volume 32, Issue 3, Pages 440-451Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa140
Keywords
Arctic; climate change; migration; movement ecology; multivariate analysis
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums
- Canadian Circumpolar Institute
- Canadian Wildlife Federation
- Care for the Wild International
- Hauser Bears
- Isdell Family Foundation
- Kansas City Zoo
- Manitoba Sustainable Development
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [305472-08, 305472-2013, 261231-2013, 261231-2004, 261231-03, 2019-04270]
- Parks Canada Agency
- Pittsburgh Zoo Conservation Fund
- Polar Bears International
- Quark Expeditions
- Schad Foundation
- Takla Foundation
- University of Alberta
- Wildlife Media Inc.
- World Wildlife Fund Canada
- Earth Rangers Foundation
- Environment and Climate Change Canada
- European Research Council (ERC) [261231] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Migration of polar bears is influenced by climate change, with decreasing ice concentration impacting their access to prey and movement patterns. Continued monitoring is crucial to understanding the environmental variables affecting their migration behavior.
Migration is predicted to change both spatially and temporally as climate change alters seasonal resource availability. Species in extreme environments are especially susceptible to climate change; hence, it is important to determine environmental and biological variables that influence their migration. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are an Arctic apex carnivore whose migration phenology has been affected by climate change and is vulnerable to future changes. Here, we used satellite-linked telemetry collar data from adult female polar bears in western Hudson Bay from 2004 to 2016 and multivariate response regression models to demonstrate that 1) spatial and temporal migration metrics are correlated, 2) ice concentration and wind are important environmental variables that influence polar bear migration in seasonal ice areas, and 3) migration did not vary across the years of our study, highlighting the importance of continued monitoring. Specifically, we found that ice concentration, wind speed, and wind direction affected polar bear migration onto ice during freeze-up and ice concentration and wind direction affected migration onto land during breakup. Bears departed from land earlier with increased wind speed and the effect of wind direction on migration may be linked to prey searching and ice drift. Low ice concentration was associated with higher movement during freeze-up and breakup. Our findings suggest that migration movement may increase in response to climate change as ice concentration and access to prey declines, potentially increasing nutritional stress on bears.
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