Vaccines for caseous lymphadenitis: up-to-date and forward-looking strategies

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is an infectious chronic disease responsible for economic losses in sheep and goat breeding worldwide. CLA has no effective treatment, evidencing the vaccination schedule as the best control strategy. Although some commercial vaccines have been available, none of them provides total protection, which is sometimes insufficient and does not reach the same efficiency when compared in sheep and goats. They also have questionable safety levels and side effects. In light of this, several experimental vaccines are in development in order to improve safety, reproducibility, and protective immune response against the etiologic agent of CLA, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. In this review, we discussed aspects as antigen, adjuvant, routes of administration, protection level, and animal models used in CLA vaccine development, as well the challenges and future perspectives.

Automated summary

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is an infectious chronic disease that causes economic losses in sheep and goat breeding worldwide. Although commercial vaccines are available, none of them provide total protection, hence experimental vaccines are being developed to enhance protective immune response.