A Covalent Black Phosphorus/Metal-Organic Framework Hetero-nanostructure for High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitors

We develop hetero-nanostructured black phosphorus/metal-organic framework hybrids formed by P-O-Co covalent bonding based on a designed droplet microfluidic strategy consisting of confined and ultrafast microdroplet reactions. The resulting hybrid exhibits large capacitance (1347 F g(-1)) in KOH electrolytes due to its large specific-surface-area (632.47 m(2) g(-1)), well-developed micro-porosity (0.38 cm(3) g(-1)), and engineered electroactivity. Furthermore, the proposed 3D printing method allows to construct all-integrated solid-state supercapacitor, which maintains interconnected porous network, good interfacial adhesion, and robust flexibility for short-path diffusion and excessive accommodation of ions. Consequently, the fabricated flexible supercapacitor delivers ultrahigh volumetric energy density of 109.8 mWh cm(-3), large capacitance of 506 F cm(-3), and good long-term stability of 12000 cycles.

Automated summary

In this study, hetero-nanostructured black phosphorus/metal-organic framework hybrids were successfully developed through a designed droplet microfluidic strategy, showing excellent electrochemical performance. The 3D printing method can be used to construct all-integrated supercapacitors with ultrahigh energy density, large capacitance, and good long-term stability.