BODIPY-Hg2+ Complex: A Fluorescence Turn-ON Sensor for Cysteine Detection

A BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) based pioneering sensing material (HLPy) having 2-amino pyridine as receptor was synthesized and used for the selective detection of Hg2+ ions. The synthesized HLPy features a high affinity towards Hg2+ (k(a) = 2.04 x 10(5) M-1), accompanied by effective quenching of fluorescence in DMF:H2O (1:9 v/v, 10 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.4) with 54 nM limit of detection (LOD). The emission titration experiments (Job's plot) in the presence of varying mole-fraction of Hg2+ ions reveals the formation of non-fluorescent 2:1 coordination complex [Hg(L-Py)(2)]. The resulting non-fluorescent [Hg(L-Py)(2)] was thoroughly characterized using various spectroscopic techniques and analyses. Interestingly, the non-fluorescent complex [Hg(L-Py)(2)] is able to specifically respond towards Cys over other biothiols and amino acids through a reversible de-complexation mechanism. As a result, the remarkable recovery of the fluorescence can be observed. The limit of detection (LOD) for Cys detection is estimated to be 29 nM in DMF:H2O (1:9 v/v, 10 mM HEPES buffer, pH 8.0). The reversibility and reusability of [Hg(L-Py)(2)] were achieved by the sequential addition of Cys and Hg2+ ions up to five cycles. Moreover, the removal of Hg2+ ions up to 89% from aqueous samples using HLPy was successfully demonstrated.

Automated summary

The BODIPY-based sensing material HLPy demonstrated high affinity towards Hg2+ ions and effective fluorescence quenching, leading to selective detection of Hg2+. The material also exhibited specific interactions with Cys, allowing for remarkable fluorescence signal recovery, along with good reversibility and reusability. Additionally, HLPy successfully removed up to 89% of Hg2+ ions from aqueous samples.