Journal
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
Volume 1147, Issue -, Pages 124-143Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.056
Keywords
DNAzymes; Aptamers; G-quadruplex; Lead; Signal amplification
Categories
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Global Water Futures project of the Canada First Research Excellence Fund (CFREF)
- China Scholarship Council (CSC) scholarship
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This article reviews the mechanisms of Pb2+ recognition from fundamental chemistry to the design of fluorescent, colorimetric, and electrochemical biosensors. Various signal amplification mechanisms are coupled to these sensing methods to enhance sensitivity. Practical aspects of these sensors and future research opportunities are discussed.
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal of great environmental and health concerns, and interestingly Pb2+ has played important roles in nucleic acids chemistry. Since 2000, using DNA for selective detection of Pb2+ has become a rapidly growing topic in the analytical community. Pb2+ can serve as the most active cofactor for RNA-cleaving DNAzymes including the GR5, 17E and 8-17 DNAzymes. Recently, Pb2+ was found to promote a porphyrin metalation DNAzyme named T30695. In addition, Pb2+ can tightly bind to various G-quadruplex sequences inducing their unique folding and binding to other molecules such as dyes and hemin. The peroxidase-like activity of G-quadruplex/hemin complexes was also used for Pb2+ sensing. In this article, these Pb2+ recognition mechanisms are reviewed from fundamental chemistry to the design of fluorescent, colorimetric, and electrochemical biosensors. In addition, various signal amplification mechanisms such as rolling circle amplification, hairpin hybridization chain reaction and nuclease-assisted methods are coupled to these sensing methods to drive up sensitivity. We mainly cover recent examples published since 2015. In the end, some practical aspects of these sensors and future research opportunities are discussed. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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