Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 33, Issue 15, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005504
Keywords
electron‐ selective layers; low‐ temperature processing; perovskite solar cells; SnO; (2); tin oxide
Categories
Funding
- Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [119M149]
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) [OSR-2019-CARF/CCF-3097, OSR-2019-CRG-4093]
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Tin oxide (SnO2) has emerged as a promising alternative to electron-selective layers (ESLs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), offering advantages such as high optical transmission, high carrier mobility, and low-temperature processability. It has the potential to play a key role in large-scale deployment and manufacturing.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a promising photovoltaic (PV) technology, where the evolution of the electron-selective layers (ESLs), an integral part of any PV device, has played a distinctive role to their progress. To date, the mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2)/compact TiO2 stack has been among the most used ESLs in state-of-the-art PSCs. However, this material requires high-temperature sintering and may induce hysteresis under operational conditions, raising concerns about its use toward commercialization. Recently, tin oxide (SnO2) has emerged as an attractive alternative ESL, thanks to its wide bandgap, high optical transmission, high carrier mobility, suitable band alignment with perovskites, and decent chemical stability. Additionally, its low-temperature processability enables compatibility with temperature-sensitive substrates, and thus flexible devices and tandem solar cells. Here, the notable developments of SnO2 as a perovskite-relevant ESL are reviewed with emphasis placed on the various fabrication methods and interfacial passivation routes toward champion solar cells with high stability. Further, a techno-economic analysis of SnO2 materials for large-scale deployment, together with a processing-toxicology assessment, is presented. Finally, a perspective on how SnO2 materials can be instrumental in successful large-scale module and perovskite-based tandem solar cell manufacturing is provided.
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