Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 31, Issue 15, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202010330
Keywords
amorphous films; chemical analysis; crystallization; halide perovskite; nucleation; photoluminescence
Categories
Funding
- Dutch Research Council (NWO)
- EPSRC [EP/L000202]
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1848371]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- LINK program of the Dutch province of Limburg
- Interreg V-A EMR
- Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs within the Interreg Euro-Maas-Rijn project [EMR23]
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The addition of acetate precursors promotes rapid desolvation for making a variety of compositions of amorphous lead halide perovskite films. By controlling the amount of acetate, the transition from fully crystalline to fully amorphous films can be tuned, resulting in an intermediate state with crystalline islands embedded in an amorphous matrix.
Lead halide perovskites are among the most exciting classes of optoelectronic materials due to their unique ability to form high-quality crystals with tunable bandgaps in the visible and near-infrared using simple solution precipitation reactions. This facile crystallization is driven by their ionic nature; just as with other salts, it is challenging to form amorphous halide perovskites, particularly in thin-film form where they can most easily be studied. Here, rapid desolvation promoted by the addition of acetate precursors is shown as a general method for making amorphous lead halide perovskite films with a wide variety of compositions, including those using common organic cations (methylammonium and formamidinium) and anions (bromide and iodide). By controlling the amount of acetate, it is possible to tune from fully crystalline to fully amorphous films, with an interesting intermediate state consisting of crystalline islands embedded in an amorphous matrix. The amorphous lead halide perovskite has a large and tunable optical bandgap. It improves the photoluminescence quantum yield and lifetime of incorporated crystalline perovskite, opening up the intriguing possibility of using amorphous perovskite as a passivating contact, as is currently done in record efficiency silicon solar cells.
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