Journal
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
Volume 189, Issue -, Pages 147-157Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.103
Keywords
Lithium-ion batteries; Anode material; Li4Ti5O12; Doping; Rate capability
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Funding
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2015M572378]
- Gan-Po Talent 555 project of Jiangxi Province, Special Support Program of Guangdong Province for High-Level Talents [2014TX01N014]
- Guangdong Provincial Project for Science Technology [2013B091300017/2014A050503050]
- Guangzhou Municipal Project for Science Technology [201423/2014Y2-00219]
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Aliovalently Ce3+-doped Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is firstly synthesized by a sol-gel method using Ce(CH3COOH)(3) as the dopant and CH3COOLi/(C4H9O)(4)Ti as starting materials. The structure and morphology of Ce3+-doped LTO with various doping level (Li4Ti5-xCexO12; x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) are characterized by XRD, EDX, Raman, XPS, SEM and TEM. Pure phase Ce3+-doped Li4Ti5O12 is obtained when x <= 0.10, while CeO2 impurity is observed when x > 0.10. The Ce3+-doped LTO with appropriate content of CeO2 impurity shows much improved rate capability and specific capacity compared with the pristine and Ce3+-doped LTO without CeO2 impurity. Particularly, the Li4Ti5-xCexO12 (x = 0.15) electrode exhibits the best rate capability and long-term cycling stability among all samples, delivering a capacity of 120.0 mAh g(-1) at 5C even after 1000 cycles. This work demonstrates that aliovalently Ce3+-doping is an effective approach for enhancing LTO's rate-performance. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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