GREB1L, CRELD2 and ITGA10 expression in the human developmental and postnatal kidneys: an immunohistochemical study

Background: Aim of our study is to provide an insight into the genetic expression landscape of GREB1L, ITGA10 and CRELD2 which are important in human genitourinary tract development which might help elucidate the critical stages for the onset of kidney anomalies. Methods: Morphological parameters were analyzed using immunohistochemistry on human foetal (13-38 w) and postnatal (1.5 and 7.5y) human kidney samples. Results: GREB1L marker had a strong intensity and the highest rate in proximal tubules (PTC) of 1.5 years' kidney (90.25%). In the distal tubules (DCT) there were statistically significant differences in 13 w, 15 w, 16 w, 21 w, 38 w and 7.5y regarding 1.5y (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.001). There was significantly more GREB1L in the glomeruli at 21 w and 38 w in regard to all other stages (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.01). ITGA10 staining intensity was strongest in PCT with the highest rate in 13 w (92.75%), while the lowest rate was found in glomeruli and DCT (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.001). CRELD2 had the strongest staining intensity in PCT with the highest rate in 13 w and 1.5y (92.25%) and lowest in the glomeruli of 7.5 years (24.3 %). In DCT there were statistically significant differences in CRELD2 positive cells in 13 w, 15 w, 16 w, 21 w, 38 w and 7.5y regarding 1.5y (KruskalWallis test, p < 0.01). ITGA10 and CRELD2 co-localised in the postnatal period in DCT. Conclusion: High kidney expressions of GREB1L, ITGA10 and CRELD2 even in the postnatal period implicate their importance not only for the onset of CAKUT in the case of their mutation but also for maintenance of kidney homeostasis.

Automated summary

The study provides insights into the genetic expression of GREB1L, ITGA10, and CRELD2 in human genitourinary tract development, revealing significant differences in expression patterns in different stages of kidney development as well as in postnatal period. The high expression levels of these genes in the kidney highlight their importance in both the onset of CAKUT due to mutations and in maintaining kidney homeostasis.