Laurionite Competes with 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites During the Saturation Recrystallization Process

The room-temperature saturation recrystallization (RTSR) method has been extensively used to prepare all-inorganic lead halide perovskite (e.g., CsPbBr3) nanocrystals. Here, we revealed that the composition of the products prepared by the seemingly simple RTSR method could be extremely complex under different experimental parameters. The pH value of the solution and the protonation tendency of the amines influenced by the amounts and types of introduced amines, oleic acid, and water from the environment determined the composition of the final products. PbBr2, 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) formed by perovskite layers separated by intercalating cations, and laurionite Pb(OH)Br would form under acidic, mildly acidic, and alkaline conditions, respectively. Based on the understanding of the formation mechanism, Pb(OH)Br microparticles with well-defined morphologies were prepared, which could be transformed into highly luminescent CH3NH3PbBr3 with the morphology unchanged. The protonated amine behaves as an intercalating layer during the formation of 2D RPPs. Phenylethylamine (PEA) was proven to be an appropriate amine to prepare pure RPP microplates because of its weaker alkalinity compared to aliphatic amines. The prepared (PEA)(2)PbBr4 RPP microplates showed strong deep-blue light emission with a PL peak at 415 nm, which could be fine-tuned by changing amines. This study proved the complex reaction pathways of the seemingly simple RTSR method and extended the RTSR method into the fabrication of 2D RPPs and laurionite with promising applications in optoelectronic devices.

Automated summary

The room-temperature saturation recrystallization (RTSR) method, used for preparing all-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals, can result in complex product compositions influenced by factors such as solution pH and protonation tendencies of amines. Different conditions can lead to the formation of various products, including PbBr2, 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites, and laurionite Pb(OH)Br.