Journal
BIOSENSORS-BASEL
Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/bios11010012
Keywords
dithiocarbamate fungicides; chromatography; Raman spectroscopy; sensors; enzyme inhibition; voltammetry; biosensors
Funding
- MEraNet grant ENZ4IFACES by the Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation (UEFISCDI) [166/1.05.2020]
- Asturias-Subvenciones dirigidas a empresas (IDEPA), Spain
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) of South Africa
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Analytical procedures for DTF include chromatography, spectroscopy, and sensor-based methods, facing challenges related to selectivity, sensitivity, and sample preparation.
Dithiocarbamate fungicides (DTFs) are widely used to control various fungal diseases in crops and ornamental plants. Maximum residual limits in the order of ppb-ppm are currently imposed by legislation to prevent toxicity problems associated with excessive use of DTFs. The specific analytical determination of DTFs is complicated by their low solubility in water and organic solvents. This review summarizes the current analytical procedures used for the analysis of DTF, including chromatography, spectroscopy, and sensor-based methods and discusses the challenges related to selectivity, sensitivity, and sample preparation. Biosensors based on enzymatic inhibition demonstrated potential as analytical tools for DTFs and warrant further research, considering novel enzymes from extremophilic sources. Meanwhile, Raman spectroscopy and various sensors appear very promising, provided the selectivity issues are solved.
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