Journal
PHARMACEUTICALS
Volume 14, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ph14010042
Keywords
metformin; diabetes mellitus; gestational diabetes mellitus; polycystic ovary syndrome; in vitro fertilization; ovary; testes; insulin; gonadotropin; folliculogenesis; steroidogenesis
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Funding
- Russian Science Foundation [19-75-20122]
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Metformin is widely used in the treatment of infertility and metabolic and endocrine disorders in both men and women, demonstrating positive effects on ovarian function, fetal development, pregnancy outcomes, and reproductive functions.
Metformin (MF), a first-line drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), alone and in combination with other drugs, restores the ovarian function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and improves fetal development, pregnancy outcomes and offspring health in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and T2DM. MF treatment is demonstrated to improve the efficiency of in vitro fertilization and is considered a supplementary drug in assisted reproductive technologies. MF administration shows positive effect on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in men with metabolic disorders, thus MF treatment indicates prospective use for improvement of male reproductive functions and fertility. MF lacks teratogenic effects and has positive health effect in newborns. The review is focused on use of MF therapy for restoration of female and male reproductive functions and improvement of pregnancy outcomes in metabolic and endocrine disorders. The mechanisms of MF action are discussed, including normalization of metabolic and hormonal status in PCOS, GDM, T2DM and metabolic syndrome and restoration of functional activity and hormonal regulation of the gonadal axis.
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