Journal
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
Volume 38, Issue -, Pages 113-120Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2021.01.023
Keywords
Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3; capacitors; relaxors; polar nanoregions; octahedral tilting
Funding
- Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials through EPSRC [EP/R00661X/1, EP/S019367/1, EP/P02470X/1, EP/P025285/1]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61601359]
- EPSRC [EP/L017563/1, EP/N010493/1]
- EPSRC [EP/P02470X/1, EP/L017563/1, EP/S019367/1, EP/N010493/1, EP/P015859/1, EP/N032233/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The study successfully synthesized NBT-SBT-0.08BMN ceramics with excellent recoverable energy density and conversion efficiency. By controlling lattice structure, polarization, and tilt order, polarization enhancement was achieved, and further performance improvement was realized in multilayer structures.
Dense pseudocubic 0.62Na(0.5)Bi(0.5)TiO(3)-0.3Sr(0.7)Bi(0.2)TiO(3)-0.08BiMg(2/3)Nb(1/3)O(3) (NBT-SBT-0.08BMN) ceramics with excellent recoverable energy density, W-rec = 7.5 J/cm(3), and conversion efficiency, eta = 92%, were synthesized. Large electric breakdown strength was facilitated by electrical homogeneity, high resistivity and large activation energy (1.86 eV). Transmission electron microscopy identified the presence of polar nano-regions (PNRs) in a matrix of short coherence in-phase and antiphase octahedral tilting. Combining polar and tilt order restricted the crystal classes of PNRs to tetragonal, orthorhombic and monoclinic. Using these symmetries, the enhancement of polarization was explained using Landau-Devonshire phenomenology and percolation theory. Octahedral tilting and introduction of larger B-site ions (Mg2+, Nb5+) inhibited long range polar coupling, minimizing strain and maximizing eta. W-rec was further improved to 18 J/cm(3) (>1000 kV/cm) in multilayers whose properties were stable from 0.01-100 Hz, from 20 degrees C-160 degrees C and up to 10(6) cycles, attractive for pulsed power applications and power electronics.
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