Journal
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
Volume 34, Issue -, Pages 194-202Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2020.09.013
Keywords
Al-metal batteries; dendrites; metal anodes; battery stability; ionic liquids
Funding
- National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China [51525204]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51932005]
- National innovation and entrepreneurship training program for College Students of China [201610056061]
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This study reveals the mechanism of aluminum dendrite growth in aluminum metal batteries, highlights the impact of dendrite growth on battery performance, and proposes the use of porous aluminum to suppress dendrite growth.
Great progress has been made in the development of cathode materials for Al-metal batteries. However, the in-depth study of Al anodes, especially the battery instability caused by Al dendrite growth, has not received much attention. In this work, we have identified the in-situ formation of Al dendrite growth, which is proved to bottleneck the practical use of Al-metal batteries. The dendrite formation severely affects battery performance, such as voltage and efficiency fluctuations, unstable cycling, etc. To further demonstrate the detailed growing process of dendrites, we make a comprehensive investigation into the interfacial chemistry of Al anode. We have found that the naturally formed Al2O3 surface film is dissolved in the ionic liquid electrolyte during Al plating, accompanied by the formation of solid-electrolyte interphase containing Al-Cl and Al-O like species on the anode surface before dendrite growth. To suppress this dendrite growth, we propose the use of porous Al, which provides a homogeneous ion flux and decreases the local current density. As a result, the porous anode maintains stable cycling over a wide range of current densities and areal capacities. The Al-graphite battery shows stable cycling up to 18000 times without capacity decay. This work suggests the significance of suppressing dendrite growth for the real applications and commercialization of Al-metal batteries and will draw attention to the battery design from the anode side.
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