The opportunity of metal organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks in lithium (ion) batteries and fuel cells

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been actively investigated as a high-profile class of versatile materials to many fields due to their permanent porosity and highly ordered structures, as well as their unique characteristic of predesigned structure and controllable synthesis. Currently, the development of MOF/COFs-based materials for lithium (ion) batteries, fuel cells and other related fields is attracting significant attention. Therefore, a review of the recent research progress in the following popular and promising fields is timely: 1) Si/SiO based anode materials, 2) lithium-sulfur batteries, 3) solid electrolytes, 4) lithium metal anodes, 5) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and 6) hydrogen storage. Furthermore, we identified the issues for the MOF/COFs-based materials from the perspective of their suitability for practical application when summarizing and demonstrating the cutting-edge development of the MOF/COFsbased materials in the abovementioned fields. Finally, we call on more bottom-up design studies that should be performed in the future. That is, the structure of the MOF/COFs materials should be designed and adjusted in advance according to the needs of the application to achieve maximumoptimization of the desired properties.