The Tsunami Caused by the 30 October 2020 Samos (Aegean Sea) Mw7.0 Earthquake: Hydrodynamic Features, Source Properties and Impact Assessment from Post-Event Field Survey and Video Records

The tsunami generated by the offshore Samos Island earthquake (M-w = 7.0, 30 October 2020) is the largest in the Aegean Sea since 1956 CE. Our study was based on field surveys, video records, eyewitness accounts and far-field mareograms. Sea recession was the leading motion in most sites implying wave generation from seismic dislocation. At an epicentral distance of similar to 12 km (site K4, north Samos), sea recession, followed by extreme wave height (h similar to 3.35 m), occurred 2 ' and 4 ' after the earthquake, respectively. In K4, the main wave moved obliquely to the coast. These features may reflect coupling of the broadside tsunami with landslide generated tsunami at offshore K4. The generation of an on-shelf edge-wave might be an alternative. A few kilometers from K4, a wave height of similar to 1 m was measured in several sites, except Vathy bay (east, h = 2 m) and Karlovasi port (west, h = 1.80 m) where the wave amplified. In Vathy bay, two inundations arrived with a time difference of similar to 19 ', the second being the strongest. In Karlovasi, one inundation occurred. In both towns and in western Turkey, material damage was caused in sites with h > 1 m. In other islands, h <= 1 m was reported. The h > 0.5 m values follow power-law decay away from the source. We calculated a tsunami magnitude of M-t similar to 7.0, a tsunami source area of 1960 km(2) and a displacement amplitude of similar to 1 m in the tsunami source. A co-seismic 15-25 cm coastal uplift of Samos decreased the tsunami run-up. The early warning message perhaps contributed to decrease the tsunami impact.

Automated summary

Based on field surveys and various data, this study discovered that the tsunami was generated by seismic activity; the tsunami waves near Samos Island were the largest in the Aegean Sea since 1956; the height of the tsunami waves varied in different locations, possibly due to geographical factors.