Application of Salivary Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a highly prevalent syndrome that impairs the quality of life of the patients; however, its diagnosis is complex and mainly centered on pain symptoms. The study of salivary biomarkers has proven highly useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of numerous diseases. The objective of this review was to gather published data on the utilization of salivary biomarkers to facilitate and complement the diagnosis of FM. Salivary biomarkers used in FM diagnosis include cortisol; calgranulin; and the enzymes alpha-amylase, transaldolase, and phosphoglycerate mutase. Increased serum levels of C-reactive protein, cytokines interleukin 1-beta, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 10, interleukin 17, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and various chemokines may serve as salivary biomarkers, given observations of their increased serum levels in patients with FM. Further research is warranted to study in depth the role and performance of biomarkers currently used in FM diagnosis/prognosis and to identify novel salivary biomarkers for this disease.

Automated summary

Salivary biomarkers play a crucial role in facilitating and complementing the diagnosis of fibromyalgia (FM), including cortisol, calgranulin, and various enzymes. Further research is needed to study the role and performance of current biomarkers in FM diagnosis/prognosis and to identify novel salivary biomarkers for this disease.