Journal
PLANTS-BASEL
Volume 9, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/plants9121775
Keywords
blue maize; NIR calibration; NIR predictions; heirloom pigmented maize; grain compositional traits; chemometric models; reference analysis
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture Organic Research and Extension Initiative grant Breeding Non-Commodity Corn for Organic Systems [2014-51300-22250]
- European Union [739582, 664620]
- European Regional Development Fund through Bulgarian Science and Education for Smart Growth Operational Programme [BG05M2OP001-1.003-001-C01]
- Horizon 2020 PlantaSYST (SGA-CSA under FPA) [739582, 664620]
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
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One aim of this experiment was to develop NIR calibrations for 20-grain components in 143 pigmented maize samples evaluated in four locations across New Mexico during 2013 and 2014. Based on reference analysis, prediction models were developed using principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS). The predictive ability of calibrations was generally low, with the calibrations for methionine and glycine performing best by PCR and PLS. The second aim was to explore the relationships among grain constituents. In PCA, the first three PCs explained 49.62, 22.20, and 6.92% of the total variance and tend to align with nitrogen-containing compounds (amino acids), carbon-rich compounds (starch, anthocyanin, fiber, and fat), and sulfur-containing compounds (cysteine and methionine), respectively. Correlations among traits were identified, and these relationships were illustrated by a correlation network. Some relationships among components were driven by common synthetic origins, for example, among amino acids derived from pyruvate. Similarly, anthocyanins, crude fat, and fatty acids all share malonyl CoA in their biosynthetic pathways and were correlated. In contrast, crude fiber and starch have similar biosynthetic origins but were negatively correlated, and this may have been due to their different functional roles in structure and energy storage, respectively.
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