Journal
METABOLITES
Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010060
Keywords
retinoic acid; liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry; hyperlipidemia; liquid– liquid extraction
Categories
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [394046768, SFB1366, SFB 1118, GRK 1874]
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This study developed a sensitive and specific method to quantify all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) in human plasma samples, which can also be applied to hyperlipidemic samples. The method showed significant differences in atRA plasma levels between patients with different types of diseases, and the concentration of atRA was associated with lipoprotein levels when compared to healthy controls.
Retinoic acids are vitamin A metabolites that have numerous essential functions in humans, and are also used as drugs to treat acne and acute promyelocytic leukemia. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the major occurring metabolite of retinoic acid in humans. This study provides a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach in order to quantify atRA in human plasma samples. The isolation of atRA by hyperacidified liquid-liquid extraction using hexane and ethyl acetate resulted in a recovery of 89.7 +/- 9.2%. The lower limit of detection was 20 pg center dot mL(-1), and 7 point calibration displayed good linearity (R-2 = 0.994) in the range of 50-3200 pg mL(-1). Selectivity was guaranteed by the use of two individual mass transitions (qualifier and quantifier), and precision and accuracy were determined intraday and interday with a coefficient variation of 9.3% (intraday) and 14.0% (interday). Moreover, the method could be used to isolate atRA from hyperlipidemic samples. Applying this method to plasma samples from patients with poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes significantly decreased atRA plasma levels as compared to those of the healthy controls. In addition, atRA concentrations were highly associated with increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
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