Journal
PATHOGENS
Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010076
Keywords
Armillaria; biocontrol; epidemiology; management
Categories
Funding
- Hungarian Government
- European Union [GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00052]
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Armillaroids are fungal saprotrophs with soilborne pathogenic potential on woody hosts, propagating through root-like rhizomorphs and forming extended colonies in native forests. They can readily manifest pathogenic abilities in compromised hosts and invade hosts with full vigour when exposed to a larger number of newly formed genets. Negative biotic impactors may find applications in the biological control of armillarioid root diseases as alternatives to traditional control measures.
Armillarioids, including the genera Armillaria, Desarmillaria and Guyanagaster, represent white-rot specific fungal saprotrophs with soilborne pathogenic potentials on woody hosts. They propagate in the soil by root-like rhizomorphs, connecting between susceptible root sections of their hosts, and often forming extended colonies in native forests. Pathogenic abilities of Armillaria and Desarmillaria genets can readily manifest in compromised hosts, or hosts with full vigour can be invaded by virulent mycelia when exposed to a larger number of newly formed genets. Armillaria root rot-related symptoms are indicators of ecological imbalances in native forests and plantations at the rhizosphere levels, often related to abiotic environmental threats, and most likely unfavourable changes in the microbiome compositions in the interactive zone of the roots. The less-studied biotic impacts that contribute to armillarioid host infection include fungi and insects, as well as forest conditions. On the other hand, negative biotic impactors, like bacterial communities, antagonistic fungi, nematodes and plant-derived substances may find applications in the environment-friendly, biological control of armillarioid root diseases, which can be used instead of, or in combination with the classical, but frequently problematic silvicultural and chemical control measures.
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