Journal
MICROORGANISMS
Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010026
Keywords
tularemia; Francisella tularensis; Francisella tularensis subsp; holarctica; Scandinavia; arthropod vectors; mosquitoes
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Funding
- Direction Generale de l'Armement, Agence Innovation Defense [ANR-17-ASTR-0024]
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes (Grenoble, France)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-17-ASTR-0024] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
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Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia, mainly distributed in North America and the whole northern hemisphere. Human infection with these bacteria is primarily through tick bites, while mosquitoes are the main vectors in Scandinavia.
Francisella tularensis (Ft) is the etiological agent of tularemia, a disease known for over 100 years in the northern hemisphere. Ft includes four subspecies, of which two are the etiologic agents of tularemia: Ft subsp. tularensis (Ftt) and Ft subsp. holarctica (Fth), mainly distributed in North America and the whole northern hemisphere, respectively. Several routes of human infection with these bacteria exist, notably through bites of Ixodidae ticks. However, mosquitoes represent the main vectors of Fth in Scandinavia, where large tularemia outbreaks have occurred, usually during the warm season. The mechanisms making mosquitoes vectors of Fth are still unclear. This review covers the inventory of research work and epidemiological data linking tularemia to mosquitoes in Scandinavia and highlights the gaps in understanding mosquitoes and Ft interactions.
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